Pope Francis, known for his commitment to humility and simplicity, has made significant changes to the traditional papal funeral rites, reflecting his vision of a more modest Church. In November 2024, he approved a revised edition of the ‘Ordo Exsequiarum Romani Pontificis,’ the official text governing the funeral rites of a pope, introducing modifications to simplify the ceremonies.
Simplification of Funeral Rites
The updated funeral protocol eliminates several long-standing traditions. Notably, the use of three coffins—cypress, lead, and oak—has been replaced with a single wooden coffin lined with zinc. Additionally, the verification of death now occurs in the Pope’s private chapel rather than his bedroom. During the public viewing in St. Peter’s Basilica, the body will be presented directly in the open coffin, without the use of a catafalque or the inclusion of the papal staff, as was customary in previous ceremonies.
Departure from Traditional Burial Site
In a significant departure from tradition, Pope Francis has expressed his desire to be buried in the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, rather than the customary St. Peter’s Basilica. This choice marks the first time in over a century that a pope has opted for a burial site outside the Vatican. The last pope to be buried outside the Vatican was Pope Leo XIII in 1903, who was entombed at Rome’s Basilica of St. John Lateran.
Emphasis on Pastoral Role
Archbishop Diego Ravelli, Master of Liturgical Celebrations, explained that the revised rites aim to emphasize the Pope’s role as a pastor and disciple of Christ, rather than a figure of worldly power. The internal structure and texts have been updated based on experiences from the funerals of Saint John Paul II and Benedict XVI, focusing on highlighting the faith of the Church in the risen Christ.
Reflection of Personal Lifestyle
These changes are consistent with Pope Francis’s personal commitment to modesty. He has chosen to reside in the Casa Santa Marta, a guesthouse for clergy, instead of the luxurious Apostolic Palace, and often travels in modest vehicles. His approach to the papal funeral rites further underscores his dedication to a simpler, more accessible Church.
By redefining these sacred traditions, Pope Francis continues to leave a lasting impact on the Catholic Church, steering it towards a path of humility and pastoral care.
